Most patients who suffer from diabetes are aware of the harm the disease can cause to their eyes, heart and systemic health, however many remain unaware of the damage it can cause to their oral health.

People with diabetes have an increased risk for developing periodontal disease (gum disease) and tooth decay (cavities). Periodontal disease is one of the leading causes of tooth loss if left untreated over time. The buildup of plaque bacteria, if left on the teeth, will eventually become harder and turn into calculus (tartar). This substance cannot be removed by brushing and flossing alone. If it is not removed by a dental professional it can cause inflammation of the gums (gingivitis) and can potentially lead to serious gum disease and bone loss (periodontitis). People with diabetes are more susceptible to developing serious periodontal/gum problems because the disease itself lowers the ability of the body to fight bacterial infections in general and slows down healing potential of the body to fight the bacteria responsible for periodontal infection. Uncontrolled diabetics have a more difficult time healing; this includes your mouth, as well. Emerging research is also showing that there is a 2-way relationship between diabetes and gum disease. People with diabetes show an increased prevalence of gum disease, while serious gum disease may also have the potential to affect blood glucose control.

Other oral health problems linked to diabetes include symptoms of dry mouth and thrush. Thrush is an infection caused by a fungus that grows in the mouth. Dry mouth can increase the risk of cavities and cause soreness and infections. A normal amount of saliva helps keep our teeth and oral tissues healthy. Plaque bacteria manifests as a sticky, white/yellowish substance that forms around the gum line and between the teeth. When you eat, the sugars in the food interact with this plaque bacteria and form acids, which have the potential to cause cavities. When your blood sugars are high, your teeth are at an increased risk for decay.

The key to managing diabetes lies in controlling your blood glucose and keeping it within normal limits. Keeping your sugar levels controlled will help to minimize the risk that diabetes has on your oral health. Studies have shown that people who have poor blood glucose on a regular basis are more prone to gum disease in general.

Taking care of your teeth and gums makes sense; daily brushing and flossing and regular check-ups with your dental hygienist and dentist are your best defense against the possible oral complications of diabetes. If you have diabetes it is important to:

• Let your dental hygienist/dentist know about your condition
• Keep your blood glucose under control
• If you have dry mouth, sip water throughout the day, chew sugarless gum, or use a mouth moisturizer that your dental professional can recommend
• Brush with fluoridated toothpaste 2 times a day, floss every day, clean your tongue & avoid mouth rinses that contain alcohol• Remove & clean dentures daily
• Visit your dental hygienist/dentist regularly
• Quit smoking (smoking has shown to increase the risk of problems associated with the oral complications of poorly managed diabetes)
• Let your dentist know if you develop any sores or infections in your mouth